Page 32 - PEN Ebook March 2021
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Power Supply Power Supply
(a) are visible. On the right-hand side, the output There are three reasons for
FET is visible. This device will take a logic signal the higher performance of the
and send out a very high current and a very, very monolithic power stage. First,
short pulse to fire a laser in a time-of-flight lidar the power loop inductance is
application. This is an excellent example of how significantly reduced by making
integrating the driver plus the GaN field effect a monolithic half bridge. Sec-
transistor on one chip generates an extremely ondly, the gate loop inductance
powerful and very fast IC that can be driven off a in eliminated by putting the
Figure 5: Cross section diagram of an eGaN integrated power stage.
regular logic gate. drivers on the same chip locat-
and at 2.5 MHz in a 48 V – 12 V OUT buck con- ed extremely close to the FETs. Lastly, by putting
IN
(b)
Figure 4 shows the result of this integration. The verter. The green line shows the efficiency of the all these components together, a thermal tub
pink line in the graph shows the drain current monolithic power stage, and the blue line rep- is created that balances the temperature of all
through the device. It shows a 10-ampere pulse resents that of a discrete implementation using the devices, so there is a net, on average, lower
that is about 1.94 nanoseconds wide and has a FETs with the same characteristics as those on temperature. The dotted lines on the graph are
rise time of 380 picoseconds and a fall time of the monolithic IC and utilizing a very efficient the same devices at 2.5 MHz. The black X repre-
525 picoseconds. When the 2.1 V logic input signal sents the best performance that the aging power
Figure 3: (a) Cross section diagram of an integrated eGaN
FET plus driver (b) die image of a time-of-flight eGaN FET – the green line – is enabling the device, there is MOSFETs can achieve in this application.
plus driver IC. about a one nanosecond delay between the input
distance, a much smaller device can be made, signal and the output. That is blazing fast! This
which also enables the location of very simple, device can comfortably operate at a 100-mega-
low-voltage logic and analog devices on the same hertz pulse frequency.
chip with the high power, high voltage devices as
shown in figure 3.
PHASE THREE: EPOWER™ STAGE
Figure 3b shows an example of an eGaN FET In early 2019, the driver function and the mon-
plus driver integration in a time-of-flight (ToF) olithic half bridge were merged onto a single Figure 6: Die image of the EPC2152, ePower™ Stage.
IC. On the left-hand side of the chip, the circuit GaN-on-silicon substrate along with a level layout with a discrete driver IC placed very close
with input logic, as well as drivers, for the FET shifter, synchronous boost circuit, protection, to the FETs. The solid lines shown on the graph
Figure 7: Performance comparison of GaN discrete (blue
and input logic as shown in figure 5. A photo of are at 1 MHz and the performance of the mono-
line) and GaN monolithic half bridge (green line) in a 48 V
this device is shown in figure 6. This complete lithic IC is substantially better than the discrete input, 12 V output buck converter operating at 1 MHz (solid
power stage, the ePower™ Stage, can be driven implementation. line) and 2.5 MHz (dotted line). Best-in-class MOSFET
performance at 1MHz shown with the black X.
at multi-megahertz frequencies and controlled
by a simple low-side CMOS IC and, with just a
few added passive components, can become a
complete DC-DC regulator. This solution is 35%
smaller and has half the number of components
compared to a discrete implementation. The
integrated power stage requires a lot less design
time, because this is simply logic in and power out.
Figure 4: Single pulse waveform 2.1 V logic level input. Figure 7 shows the efficiency of this monolithic
The yellow trace is input (1 V/div) and the pink line is drain
current (5 V/div or 2.5 A/div). power stage (shown in figures 5 and 6) at 1 MHz
32 MARCH 2021 | www.powerelectronicsnews.com MARCH 2021 | www.powerelectronicsnews.com 33
